Overview Sections

AI research areas

A map of 60 research areas and 10 applications. Explore the methods, meet the organizations working on them, and compare publication activity.

Browse by field

Largest first by combined 2025 paper counts. Papers can appear in more than one area; applications are listed separately.

7 areas

AI safety and human interaction

Evaluating AI systems, understanding their behavior, protecting them and studying how people work with them.

8 areas

Machine learning foundations

The methods behind learning: generalization, representations, optimization, causality, uncertainty and data.

6 areas

AI agents and decision-making

Systems that act, use tools and make sequential decisions, from coding agents to reinforcement learning and planning.

6 areas

Computer vision

Understanding images, video, documents, people and three-dimensional scenes.

4 areas

Tabular, time-series and graph ML

Learning from tables, time series and graphs, including forecasting and the detection of unusual observations.

4 areas

Natural language processing

Working with language across translation, knowledge extraction, dialogue and text understanding.

3 areas

Robotics and physical AI

Learning to act in the physical world through robot policies, navigation and autonomous driving.

3 areas

Search and recommender systems

Finding and ranking information, recommending relevant content and allocating advertising opportunities.

4 areas

LLMs and multimodal AI

How language and multimodal models are built: pre-training, post-training, reasoning and model architecture.

6 areas

AI infrastructure and systems

Training and running models efficiently, from distributed software and inference to chips and on-device deployment.

5 areas

Generative AI and world models

Creating images, video, 3D scenes and motion, and learning models of interactive environments.

4 areas

Speech and audio AI

Recognizing and generating speech, working with music and understanding the wider acoustic environment.

10 areas

AI applications and AI for science

Where AI research is applied: biology, healthcare, physical sciences, finance, industry and more. This is a separate lens on the research areas, with overlapping figures.

Compare the research landscape

Size reflects the selected measure. The areas overlap, so their values cannot be added together.

Full year 2025

Fields and colors

2025 figures. Papers are OpenAlex query matches; author ranges and investment allocations are scenarios. Author counts marked “observed” cover the full query result. Areas overlap and cannot be added together. About the data.